Community participation was a key success factor, along with competent training staff, and networking with community-based organisations and the government. Hazards, Vulnerability, and POVERTY; The widening gap between rich and poor, rural and urban incomes and hence the disparity in living standards can be witnessed in the flood plains of developing countries. Accounting for people's perception and partnering with them in the process leads to deeper understanding of community vulnerability, which in turn provides better assessment of disaster risk. People who. poverty and inequality, marginalisation, social exclusion and discrimination by gender, social status, disability and age (amongst other factors) psychological factors, etc. socio-economic processes) to the immediate conditions that present themselves (e.g. disregard for wise environmental management. Levels of vulnerability (and exposure) help to explain why some non-extreme hazards can lead to extreme impacts and disasters, while some extreme events do not (IPCC, 2012). – Disaster risk and vulnerability assessment depends on various factors such as appropriate theoretical concepts and quality and adequacy of information gathered. 1.12.1. assess risk factors relevant to health emergency and disaster risk management (Health EDRM), including: 1. Vulnerability may also vary in its forms: poverty, for example, may mean that housing is unable to withstand an earthquake or a hurricane, or lack of preparedness may result in a slower response to a disaster, leading to greater loss of life or prolonged suffering. Disaster management is widely regarded as a cyclic multi-stage concept starting with (1) a response phase after a disaster strikes, followed by (2) risk analysis and (3) mitigation efforts to minimize the impacts of future disasters. In August 2017, over one thousand people – mainly children and the elderly were killed by a mudslide in Freetown, after heavy and persistent rain. The Kashmir earthquake illustrates how poor rural livelihoods in remote areas configure mortality risk from earthquakes. These indicators are usually used to track changes in vulnerability over time. How hazards, exposure, and vulnerability/capacity create disaster risk. These processes produce a range of immediate unsafe conditions such as living in dangerous locations or in poor housing, ill-health, political tensions or a lack of local institutions or preparedness measures (DFID, 2004). Vulnerability analysis involves understanding the root causes or drivers of vulnerability, but also peoples capacities cope and recover from disasters. POVERTY; The widening gap between rich and poor, rural and urban incomes and hence the disparity in living standards can be witnessed in the flood plains of developing countries. e.g. Disaster management is widely regarded as a cyclic multi-stage concept starting with (1) a response phase after a disaster strikes, followed by (2) risk analysis and (3) mitigation efforts to minimize the impacts of future disasters. 2. Vulnerability assessment has many things in common with risk assessment. The reverse side of the coin is capacity, which can be described as the resources available to individuals, households and communities to cope with a threat or to resist the impact of a hazard. The characteristics determined by physical, social, economic and environmental factors or processes which increase the susceptibility of an individual, a community, assets or systems to the impacts of hazards. It has many dimensions, it is driven by factors at different levels, from local to global, and it is dynamic as it alters under the pressure of these driving forces (Twigg, 2004). Strong and effective emergency disaster management has been a felt need in all corners of world. 1.12.1. [] India is vulnerable to a variety of natural and man-made disasters. Feel free to submit questions and comments to the Disaster Management Units of the various Municipal Corporations, or email Mitigation.ODPM@gmail.com. Copyright 2020 - International Federation of Red Cross and Red Crescent Societies - Legal Disclaimer - Fraud Notice, COMMUNITY EPIDEMIC & PANDEMIC PREPAREDNESS, National Society Preparedness for Effective Response, Vulnerability and Capacity Assessment Guidelines. Furthermore, the complex factors that make people vulnerable are not always immediately obvious. management interventions. In reality, methods are usually divided into those that consider physical (or built environment) vulnerability and those that consider socio-economic vulnerability. In richer countries, people usually have a greater capacity to resist the impact of a hazard. In the prevention stage planners can use vulnerability maps to avoid high risk zones when developing areas for housing, commercial or … Vulnerability and Risk in Disaster Management First Published: February 7, 2016 | Last Updated:February 7, 2016 Vulnerability is the extent to which a community, structure, services or geographic area is likely to be damaged or disrupted by the impact of particular hazard. In the context of extensive risk in particular, it is often people’s vulnerability that is the greatest factor in determining their risk (UNISDR, 2009a). A VCA considers a wide range of environmental, economic, social, cultural, institutional and political pressures that create vulnerability and is approached through a number of different frameworks (Benson et al., 2007). [] Management of disasters require collaborative and systematically planned efforts of existing administrative set up, civil society, and its various institutions. Disaster Management is relevant to a number of countries. While avoiding hazards entirely may be impossible, a proactive approach to disaster management will help reduce the degree of impact and mitigate further damage. Vulnerability is the human dimension of disasters and is the result of the range of economic, social, cultural, institutional, political and psychological factors that shape people’s lives and the environment that they live in (Twigg, 2004). Inzamul Haque Sazal sazalgeo@outlook.com 2. This paper illustrates the concept of vulnerability within the disaster management cycle from a geospatial perspective. When one hazard meets with a vulnerable community a disaster is likely to occur. poor design and construction of buildings, unregulated land use planning, etc. 2. Risk is associated with hazard, vulnerability and capacity. Vulnerability and Capacity Assessment (VCA) uses various participatory tools to gauge people’s exposure to and capacity to resist natural hazards. Gender analysis can help to identify those women or girls who may be vulnerable and in what way. Disasters jeopardize development gains. e.g. Determining areas of vulnerability is critical to any emergency and disaster preparedness plan. The Preliminary Vulnerability Assessments will feed into the following comprehensive national risk and capacity assessments. As supply chains become globalized, so does the vulnerability of businesses to supply chain disruptions, for example, when disasters affect critical production nodes or distribution links. Vulnerability from the perspective of disaster management means assessing the threats from potential hazards to the population and to infrastructure. Disasters are sometimes considered external shocks, but disaster risk results from the complex interaction between development processes that generate conditions of exposure, vulnerability and hazard. Abstract. How hazards, exposure, and vulnerability/capacity create disaster risk. Disasters are caused by the interaction of vulnerability and hazards. The disaster management community has been evolving. A risk assessment tool to help assess specific risks. Poverty is both a driver and consequence of disaster risk (particularly in countries with weak risk governance) because economic pressures force people to live in unsafe locations (see exposure) and conditions (Wisner et al., 2004). The disaster management cycle illustrates the ongoing process by which governments, businesses, and civil society plan for and reduce the impact of disasters, react during and immediately following a disaster, and take steps to recover after a disaster has occurred. The International Federation of Red Cross and Red Crescent Societies is the world's largest humanitarian network and is guided by seven Fundamental Principles: Humanity, impartiality, neutrality, independence, voluntary service, universality and unity. According to Benson, VCA is typically applied as: By identifying their vulnerabilities and capacities, local communities identify strategies for immediate and longer-term risk reduction, as well as identifying what they can do themselves to reduce risk and where they need additional resources and external assistance. When one hazard meets with a vulnerable community a disaster is likely to occur. e.g. A window of vulnerability (WOV) is a time frame within which defensive measures are diminished, compromised or lacking.. Data and Methods Data The domains that form the basis of … In actual fact, vulnerability depends on several factors, such as people's age and state of health, local The literature on hazards and vulnerability from Vulnerability in this context can be defined as the diminished capacity of an individual or group to anticipate, cope with, resist and recover from the impact of a natural or man-made hazard. Subject : Office Management and Secretarial Practice Course : Conservation and Preservation of Nature and Culture Keyword : SWAYAMPRABHA Which of the following organization is the apex authority of disaster management in India? A planning tool to prioritise and sequence actions and inputs. For instance, people who live on plains are more vulnerable to floods than people who live higher up. Vulnerability Analysis David Alexander University College London 2. National Risk Assessment and Capacity Building 2011-2013 Vulnerable groups find it hardest to reconstruct their livelihoods following a disaster, and this in turn makes them more vulnerable to the effects of subsequent hazard events (Wisner et al., 2004). A Social Vulnerability Index for Disaster Management 3 Published by Berkeley Electronic Press, 2011. condition or a measure of the resilience of population groups when confronted by disaster (Cutter et al. 3. Vulnerability to Disasters 1. The components of risk Physical disaster Magnitude Frequency Duration Human vulnerability Exposure Location of hazard Environment Resistance Lifestyle and earnings Health Resilience Adjustments Risk reduction activities Preparations for disaster After Ian Davis (2005) landowners with marginal, degraded land, frequent flooding can decrease the returns from cultivating the land, thus reducing food security. Common issues of validity and quality in causal research in disasters. HAZARD, RISK, VULNERABILITY, AND DAMAGE ABSTRACT The ultimate objective of disaster management is to bring the probability that damage will occur from an event as close to zero as is possible. Understanding the response of existing structures to potential hazards, such as ground shaking from earthquakes and wind from tropical cyclones, requires the knowledge of building materials and engineering practices. There are many different factors that determine vulnerability. Abstract. Ideally, any assessment should adopt a holistic approach to assessing vulnerability. Examples of potentially vulnerable groups include: In a disaster, women in general may be affected differently from men because of their social status, family responsibilities or reproductive role, but they are not necessarily vulnerable. landowners with marginal, degraded land, frequent flooding can decrease the returns from cultivating the land, thus reducing food security. Disaster Management: Hazards and Disasters, Vulnerabilities and Damages! Vulnerability relates to a number of factors, including: e.g. Until the 1990s, disaster management was primarily focused on the response of governments, communities, and international organizations after disasters. Vulnerability maps can be of use in all phases of disaster management: Prevention, mitigation, preparedness, operations, relief, recovery and lessons-learned. Since we cannot reduce the occurrence and severity of natural hazards, reducing vulnerability is one of the main opportunities for reducing disaster risk. They tend to be better protected from hazards and have preparedness systems in place. A tool for empowering and mobilising vulnerable communities. Children from the Malda District © World Vision - India (In partnership with World Vision UK, the Government of India and UNICEF). India is vulnerable to a number of natural hazards due to its relief. The Disaster Management Training Programme (DMTP), which was launched in the early. 6 Approaches to Disaster Management - Examining the Implications of Hazards, Emergencies and Disasters Vogel and O’Brien [17] emphasize that vulnerability is: (a) multi-dimensional and differential (varies for different dimensions of a single element or group of elements and from a physical Cardona OD (2004) The need for rethinking the concepts of vulnerability and risk from a holistic perspective: a necessary review and criticism for effective risk management. DEAR EDITOR. E.g. The following factors affect vulnerability. Disasters are caused by the interaction of vulnerability and hazards. Vulnerability changes over time because many of the processes that influence vulnerability are dynamic, including rapid urbanisation, environmental degradation, market conditions and demographic change (DFID, 2004). Vulnerability is not simply about poverty, but extensive research over the past 30 years has revealed that it is generally the poor who tend to suffer worst from disasters (Twigg, 2004; Wisner et al., 2004; UNISDR, 2009b). A) NDA B ) NDMA C) CDMA D) INDR 41. Vulnerability varies significantly within a community and over time. In addition, this chapter discusses how emergency managers can assess the pre-impact conditions that produce disaster vulnerabilities within their communities, before concluding with a discussion of vulnerability dy-namics and methods for disseminating hazard/vulnerability information. poor environmental management, overconsumption of natural resources, decline of risk regulating ecosystem services, climate change, etc. Quantifying social vulnerability remains a challenge, but indicators and indices to measure vulnerability have been created (quantified and descriptive), ranging from global indicators to those that are applied at the community level. Vulnerability describes the characteristics and circumstances of a community, system or asset that make it susceptible to the damaging effects of a hazard. [] Management of disasters require collaborative and systematically planned efforts of existing administrative set up, civil society, and its various institutions. A Disaster Occurs When Hazards and Vulnerability Meet Show and discuss. Vulnerability from the perspective of disaster management means assessing the threats from potential hazards to the population and to infrastructure. The chain of causes of vulnerability, from the underlying drivers of vulnerability (e.g. 1990s, ... vulnerability of one building type is greater than another. Strong and effective emergency disaster management has been a felt need in all corners of world. Such resources can be physical or material, but they can also be found in the way a community is organized or in the skills or attributes of individuals and/or organizations in the community. 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